Factors that Cause The Great Schism Essay examples

Factors that Cause The Great Schism Part A Introduction The first major division in Christianity took place in 1054 CE between the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. This event is known as the Great Schism. The two areas of disagreement that caused the division were: * Who should be leader of the Christian Church? * The way in which the Trinity was to be understood. Christians in the West believed that the Pope should be the leader of the Christian Church. This was because he was the successor to St Peter. The Christians in the east did not agree with this. They could not accept that only one person could have the authority to decide the church matters. Landmarks†¦show more content†¦1054 CE The Great Schism - After much argument between the Pope and the Patriarch the two centres were torn apart and separated. 1095 CE First Crusade Begins - Christians and Muslims engage in a long and war. Seen by Christians as a just war. 1187 CE Jerusalem, The Holy City is Captured by the Turks - Turks capture The Holy City through a bloody war. 1233 CE The Inquisition - Pope Gregory IX set up an inquisition to search out and destroy people who were regarded as being heretics. Roman Catholic Church Origin The Roman Catholic Church is based in Rome and has the Pope as it head. The pope is the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church and is responsible for all the rulings and teachings which it issues. It is believed that the Pope is in a direct line from St Peter who founded the church in Rome and, therefore, he has the authority of the apostles of Jesus. The Roman Catholic Church is the biggest of the Christian denominations and has members all over the world. The word ‘Catholic’ means universal and the Roman Catholic Church believes that it has the right way of worship for all Christians. Church Of England Origin ======================== The Church of England is also known asShow MoreRelatedThe Great Schism, also Known as the East-West Division1017 Words   |  5 Pagesbody, and then multiple factors gradually contributed to the split of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Some of these factors are such as the different understanding of Christianity, the different point of views toward the authority of the Pope and the different ideas of governing the Church. All the different thoughts created the disagreement between the two branches of Church. In other words, the conflict came up, and eventually led to the Great Schism. The differences betweenRead MoreAp Euro Kagan, Western Heritage 8th Edition. Ch. 9 and 10 Study Guide1509 Words   |  7 PagesHeritage 8th edition Chapter 9 (1300-1527) 1. What were the underlying and precipitating causes of the Hundred Years’ War? What advantages did each side have? Why were the French able to drive the English almost entirely out of France? The first underlying and precipitating cause of the Hundred Years’ War was that England and France were too closely proximate emergent territorial powers. Another cause of the Hundred Years’ War was that Edward III of England was a vassal of Philip the Fair ofRead More Hasidic Judaism Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Jewish people. One of the oldest monotheistic religions, Judaism has evolved over the years since the time of the founding fathers. Like any culture or religion, however, Jews have never been without conflict or disagreement amongst its people. Schisms amongst Jews over long periods of time have led to a branching out of sects and Jewish institutions. What led to the separation of denominations within was a fundamental disagreement on the interpretation and implementation of Halakah (Jewish religiousRead MoreThe During The Reign Of Henry Viii1280 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the Medieval English Church faced were some of the major reasons why the reformati on took place.Even though there were external factors that influenced the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, many of the internal problems that the Medieval church faced helped shape the mindset of the English people to want reform. Since a great portion of English society was based around the church, the ongoing conflict between the church and the king,anti-clericalism , and internalRead MoreHistorical And Theological Issues Surrounding The Catholic And The Orthodox Church2214 Words   |  9 Pagesand theological issues surrounding the split between the Catholic and the Orthodox church. There were cultural factors that impacted how the religion was practiced. There was political factors, as per usual politics ruin everything. Aside from all the socio-political reasons the main reason there was a schism was because the east and west disagreed on aspects of religion. The Great Schism, was the event that divided Christianity into Western (Roman) Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. All thoughRead MoreThe War Between The United States944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes to the War Between the States The Road of the United States in becoming a truly united nation has not been a path without turmoil. Many lives were laid down to form the structure of this country and fought for its right to freedom. One of the bloodiest conflicts in the United States’ history was the war between states or more commonly referred as the Civil War. This war leads to much unnecessary violence ridden battles that were precluded by many cases. The Civil War had many profoundRead MoreThe Road Of The United States937 Words   |  4 Pagespreluded by many causes. The Civil War had many profound effects on how the United States ran as a country, and the civil war was caused by the differing idea of slavery, the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the southern states seceding from the United States. Southern and Northern States had issues on how slavery was handled ever since the inception of the nation. The economy of the southern states had always relied heavily on the method of crops and agriculture being the main factor of financial gainRead More Civil Laws and Religious Authority in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels1269 Words   |  6 Pagesplacing him into a society with different ethical and civil laws.   Swift uses these inversions not only to entertain the readers imagination, but more importantly, to transform our perspectives to understand alien worldviews (e.g. in part four, there is great detail given to explain the Houyhnhnms views on marriage, health, astronomy, poetry, language, death, and reproduction).   The Lilliputian conflict that erupts from the egg law (found in part one, chapter four) is an inversion, which (1) parallelsRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Iran1426 Words   |  6 PagesPersian world has held great might in world politics. In 1979, Iran was officially established and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since then it has been an active and vocal player in world politics. It’s rich history of political revolutions have inspired new waves of government control, tyrannical and benign leaders, and great cultural change over time. The strong religious beliefs expressed by the people of this nation are both a form of unity and disunity that cause widespread schisms within this stateRead MoreThe Fischer Controversy. The Publication In 1961 Of Fritz1483 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle, â€Å"‘Outcast from History’: The Fischer Controversy and British Historiography,† he discusses the reaction that occurred following the publication of Fischer’s book within Great Britain and the impact it had on British historians at the time. This article points out that the Fischer controversy did not cause as great of an impression as it did in Germany. Otte attributes this lack of impression to the fact that Br itish historians were going through a period of questioning. Otte states that during

House of Tata - 948 Words

HOUSE OF TATA The Business Agricultural Products Base Metals Non-Metallic Mineral Products Chemicals Construction Allied Activities Electrical and Non-Electrical Machinery Electricity Non-Conventional Energy Electronics Services Shipping Exports Hotels Financial Drilling Real Estate Other Watches Pulp Paper Press Engineering Locomotive Vertically integrated Focus in domestic market (India) Resources Financial Capital Managerial Expertise Business Network Established brand Structures, Systems Processes Corporate communication Weekly cross-company director’s meetings Autonomous business unit operations Uniform Policies across the Tata Group SBU’s annual contribution system†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ TAS was developed as a group resource with MBA participants mobile among group companies. 2.What do you think of some critics’ opinion that Ratan Tata was moving the group of companies in exactly the opposite direction from where it should be going? I do not agree with the critics opinion that Ratan Tata was moving the group of companies in the opposite direction from where it should be going for the following reasons: †¢ The group’s flagship companies Telco and Tisco which had dropped 77% 41% (FY94 FY95)in earnings were showing an increase in earnings, under Ratan’s leadership. †¢ Ratan promoted through TIL in mid 1980’s and mid 1990’s a total of 20 solo and joint ventures with combined sales of Rs.7.5billion as in (FY 96)whilst maintaining a 25 to 50% share and controlling interest. †¢ Ratan was responsible for creating a stronger and collective identity by promoting a unified Tata brand for all companies subscribing to the Tata Brand Equity scheme. This gave the group the advantage of opportunities and ward off competitive threats. †¢ Ratan used the fee money from the brand equity scheme to build a national and international group brand image with a set of core values and ethics †¢ Ratan restructured the group in 1993 by selling the loss making Tata oil mills. †¢ Ratan promoted TAS as a ‘premiumShow MoreRelatedHouse of Tata1209 Words   |  5 PagesHouse of Tata : Acquiring a Global Footprint. In order for Tata Group to implement acquisition and/or restructuring strategies, it would be helpful to know existing scope of the group operating company structure, especially, profitability and financing activities. The following table shows the detail information of Tata group company structure. Additionally, the financing and profitability of each operating company under Tata group in year 2007 (FY07). [pic] †¢ The following table showsRead MoreHouse of Tata2835 Words   |  12 PagesThe Tata Group Managing a Conglomerate in an Emerging Market Environmental Analysis In 1991 the Indian government introduced a series of drastic reforms, liberalizing its government owned and controlled economy. Product expansion and new market entry became easier for companies in virtually every sector of the economy. This presented Tata with many opportunities to leverage its strong brand equity and financial resources to enter new marketsRead MoreAn Inside Look at Starbucks1185 Words   |  5 Pagesother snack items like Panini to please the taste buds. For creating overall coffee house experience Starbucks stores have an appealing music and dà ©cor. Their focus in United States is to create a gathering place where people can chat, sit work much more just than a coffee place. Starbucks has a global presence over 17,000 stores all over the world. Starbucks entered India in 2012 as a joint 50:50 venture with Tata Group. This paper focuses on company’s strategy on entering the emerging market andRead MoreBiography of Jrd Tata1644 Words   |  7 Pages|J EHANGIR RATANJI DADABHOY TATA | | | |Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata popularly known as JRD Tata was one of the most enterprising Indian entrepreneurs. He was a pioneer | |aviator and built one of the largest industrial houses of India. He had the honour ofRead MoreTata Motors Branding974 Words   |  4 PagesIdentify the Brand Elements | | 1. The brand we are working for is the global TATA brand. TATA Motors is a part of the TATA group and the use of the TATA name and trademark (logo) is governed by manuals, codes and agreements issued by TATA Sons. The use of the TATA brand defined in and regulated by TATA Brand Equity and Business Promotion Agreement. The TATA brand is a Corporate Brand. The soul of the Tata corporate brand has been expressed down the ages through an exceptional set ofRead MoreThe Tata Nano Case1037 Words   |  5 PagesTo: Mr. Ratan Tata, Chairman TATA Group of companies, India From: ------------------------------------------------- Date: Fall 2008 The issue that TATA Motors Inc. is facing right now is to predict the viability of the Project Nano. Also, TATA Motors Inc. wants to know what other steps it can adopt to improve the chances of success for its newest venture- The Nano. Overview TATA Motors Inc., part of one of the most respected Business Houses in India-TATA Sons INC., is currentlyRead MoreTata Jaguar Acquisition825 Words   |  4 PagesIn June 2008, India-based Tata Motors Ltd. announced that it had completed the acquisition of the two iconic British brands - Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR) from the US-based Ford Motors for US$ 2.3 billion. Tata Motors stood to gain on several fronts from the deal. One, the acquisition would help the company acquire a global footprint and enter the high-end premier segment of the global automobile market. After the acquisition, Tata Motors would own the world s cheapest car - the US$ 2,500 Nano, andRead MoreSir Ratan Naval Tata1259 Words   |  6 PagesDhakal 28 Baqer Merchant 31 Ratan Naval Tata The Tata family tree Ratan Naval Tata Born in Bombay, on 28th December 1937, to Soonoo and Naval Hormusji Tata. He had 5 siblings: Jimmy, Noel, Shireen, Deanna and Geet. He did his graduation from Cornell with a B.Sc. Degree in architecture with structural engineering in 1962. On 25th March 1991, he took over the position of Chairman of Tata Sons, from Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy, ‘J.R.D. Tata’ (1904-1993). Close bonds From childhoodRead MoreCase Study on Tata Motors and Ford Motors Mergers and Aquisition1148 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: In June 2008, India-based Tata Motors Ltd. announced that it had completed the acquisition of the two iconic British brands - Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR) from the US-based Ford Motors for US$ 2.3 billion. Tata Motors stood to gain on several fronts from the deal. One, the acquisition would help the company acquire a global footprint and enter the high-end premier segment of the global automobile market. After the acquisition, Tata Motors would own the world s cheapest car - the US$ 2Read MoreRatan Tata1435 Words   |  6 PagesRATAN TATA One of the most well-known and respected industrialists in India, Ratan Tata (Ratan Naval Tata), is the Chairman of the salt to software conglomerate, Tata Group which is based in India and comprising 98 operating companies in seven business sectors across 80 countries. Ratan Tata was born to Soonoo Naval Hormusji Tata on December 28, 1937. He was brought up their grandmother Lady Navajbai after his mother moved out following a troubled marriage. He studied at the Campion School in Mumbai

Financial Decision Making Management Accounting

Question: Discuss abot the Financial Decision Making for Management Accounting. Answer: The management accounting has one of the simplest analytical tool to determine the changes in the operating income of the company by analyzing the volume and cost. This is done with the help of cost volume profit analysis. It helps in monitoring the performance of the organization and depicting the financial overview as the appropriate cost structure is chosen by the company using this analysis. Therefore, the cost volume profit analysis helps in the decision making process of the managers. However, simple the analytical tool such as CVP is, it has the advantages and the disadvantages both (Cumby 2013). Most of the criticisms are related to the basic assumptions that are assumed by the analysis. The total revenue and total cost curve has curvilinear nature and the ignorance of the feature of these curves when performing CVP analysis is the reason for difference between the price theory and CVP analysis. It also assumes that the efficiency factors or the elasticity of demand and changes in the volume are independent of each other. The following case depicts that the analysis of CPV is limited to one time period. The focus of the CVP analysis is given on the sales revenue and the operating expenses (Kim 2015). Therefore, the most important that are taken by the managers are overlooked as the CVP takes into account only the revenue and the operating expenses other things are not needed to calculate the CVP. For example, the CVP analysis has been done in order to widen the impact of the compensation schemes while targeting the level of the profits for the business (Cumby 2013). Therefore, the CVP analysis in this case is not of utmost importance, as it does not take into account the compensation schemes for the analysis. Reference Cumby, J.A., 2013. Business 2101: managerial accounting. Program 07-01. Cost volume profit analysis. Kim, S.H., 2015. Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis for a Multi-Product Company: Micro Approach.International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,5(1), pp.23-35.

US National Debt Essays - Fiscal Policy, Economy, Macroeconomics

US National Debt The U.S. National Debt "Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves." Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say it is a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. For nearly 150 years the U.S. government managed to keep a balanced budget. The only time a budget deficit existed during these years was in times of war or other catastrophic events. For instance, the government created deficits during the War of 1812, the recession of 1837, the Civil War, the depression of the 1890s, and World War I. However, once each incident ended the deficit would be eliminated. The economy was much stronger than the accumulated debt and would therefore quickly absorb it. The last time the budget ran a surplus was in 1969 during Nixon's presidency. Budget deficits have grown larger and more frequent in the last half-century. In the 1980s they soared to record levels. The government cut income tax rates, greatly increased defense spending, and didn't cut domestic spending enough to make up the difference. The deep recession of the early 1980s reduced revenues, raising the deficit and forcing the Government to spend much more on paying interest for the national debt at a time when interest rates were high. As a result, the national debt grew exponentially in size after 1980. It grew from $709 billion to $3.3 trillion in 1990, only one decade later. (See Table 1) Federal spending has grown over the years. If you compare actual dollars and their proportion to the economy (Gross Domestic Product, or GDP), much of it began in the 1930s. Beginning with the "New Deal", the Federal Government came to play a much larger role in American life. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to use the full powers of his office to end the Great Depression. He and Congress greatly expanded Federal programs. Federal spending, which totaled less than $4 billion in 1931, went up to nearly $7 billion in 1934 and then over $8 billion in 1936. U.S. entry into World War II sent annual Federal spending soaring to over $91 billion by 1944. Thus began the ever-increasing debt of the United States. Is our debt increasing as fast as we think it is? The dollar amount of the debt may increase but often times so does the amount of money or GDP to pay for the debt. Some believe a deficit allows more people to work, increasing productivity. A deficit does this because it is invested into the economy by government. For example, if the government spends deficit money on new highways, trucking will benefit and more jobs will be produced. When an economic system is in recession all of its resources are not being used. For instance, if the government did not build highways we could not ship goods and thereby decrease demand for them. Because we cannot ship the items, the supply remains low even though we have the ability to produce more. This non-productivity comes at a cost to the whole economic system. If deficit spending eliminates non-productivity then its direct monetary cost will be offset, if not surpassed, by increased productivity. In the 1980's when the huge deficits were adding up, the actual additions to the public capital or increased productivity were often as big or bigger than the deficit. This means that as long as the government spends the money it gains from a deficit on assets that increase its wealth and productivity, the debt actually benefits the economy. But what if the government spends money on programs that do not increase its assets or productivity? Consider small businesses for instance. A company invests money to hire a new salesman. He will probably increase sales and the company will regain what it spent hiring him. If the company spends money on paper clips when they already have staplers they will just lose money. This frivolous spending is what makes a deficit dangerous. The government's net worth decreases which risks putting it into serious debt. Debt should not be a problem because we can just borrow more, right? This statement would be correct if our ability to borrow was unlimited, but it is not. At first the government borrowed internally from private sectors. The government did this by selling bonds to the private sectors, essentially reallocating its own countries funds to spend